Sexual Assault



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The autopsy of JonBenét Ramsey revealed chronic and acute injuries to her genitals. The presence of blood and an abrasion to the hymen/vaginal wall suggested there had been a penetration, though not by a penis, on the night of her death. There was evidence that the pubic area had been wiped down with a cloth. The victim had also been redressed.

To address the chronic injuries, police consulted specialists on child sexual abuse. Every one of the specialists consulted by police concurred that JonBenét Ramsey had sustained a serious injury to her hymen several days prior to her death. This injury had altered the structure of the hymen and had healed prior to the events of Christmas night. The experts were in agreement that the specific location and nature of this injury to the hymen (the inferior hymenal rim) distinguished it from normal genital variations.

John and Patsy Ramsey have denied that JonBenét was sexually assaulted at all - even on the night of her death. They have referred to allegations of prior abuse as "innuendos", attributing them to "tabloids".

Sexual Assault on the Night of Her Death
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Meyer "state that the victim had received an injury consistent with digital penetration of her vagina. "

"Cellulose Material"
When examining a portion of the vaginal tissue under a microscope, coroner John Meyer observed "a small number of red blood cells is present on the eroded surface [of the hymen], as is birefringent foreign material". "Birefringent" is a visual description referring to the way light passes through the object. Many different substances can be described as "birefringent" at a microscopic level.

This microscopic "material" was determined to be "cellulose material" --which could indicate wood or other plant material such as cotton or toilet paper.

The experts disagreed on how long the cellulose material had been in the vagina. Dr David Jones "said the child's vagina showed a history of abuse, since the cellulose dated from an old injury". Yet Dr Werner Spitz believed the cellulose had been deposited on the night of the killing.

Detective Steve Thomas and other police officers believed the cellulose material was wood from the paintbrush. Thomas refers to the material, somewhat misleadingly, as a "splinter". James Kolar, who evaluated the complete case-file years later, says the cellulose material was "consistent with the wood of the paintbrush used as a handle in the cord of the garrote".

Prior Sexual Abuse
"In mid-September, a panel of pediatric experts from around the country reached one of the major conclusions of the investigation - that JonBenet had suffered vaginal trauma prior to the day she was killed. There were no dissenting opinions among them on the issue, and they firmly rejected any possibility that the trauma to the hymen and chronic vaginal inflammation were caused by urination issues or masturbation. We gathered affidavits stating in clear language that there were injuries "consistent with prior trauma and sexual abuse", "there was chronic abuse" ... "Past violation of the vagina" ... "Evidence of both acute and injury and chronic sexual abuse." In other words, the doctors were saying it had happened before."

- Steve Thomas, JonBenet: Inside the Ramsey Murder Investigation p. 253

Dr McCann's findings


Dr John McCann was the Medical Director of the Child Protection Center at University of California Davis. Early in his career Dr McCann was a pioneer in establishing "the "normal" genital findings of the prepubertal female" which included identifying the "normal anatomical variations that can erroneously be the basis for an inference of sexual abuse" Dr McCann went on to co-author several medical atlases and reference-books in this area and also studied the healing processes of genital injuries. By the mid-1990s Dr McCann was one of the nation's leading experts on injuries resulting from child sexual abuse. "Widely regarded nationally and internationally as an expert diagnostician in the field, he has conducted or supervised medical evaluations of over 10,000 child sexual abuse victims." He was the chair of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) committee that developed guidelines for Child Sexual Abuse Medical Evaluations. Dr McCann had previously given expert testimony in court cases, disputing accusations of child sexual abuse by pointing out normal variations in the genitalia.

The Boulder Police provided Dr McCann with the autopsy report and photographs. Dr McCann observed that the genitals of JonBenét Ramsey met all the diagnostic criteria for prior sexual abuse.


 * According to McCann, examination findings that indicate chronic sexual abuse include the thickness of the rim of the hymen, irregularity of the edge of the hymen, the width or narrowness of the wall of the hymen, and exposure of structures of the vagina normally covered by the hymen. His report stated that there was evidence of prior hymeneal trauma as all of these criteria were seen in the post mortem examination of JonBenet.

Concurring Opinions

 * Dr Valerie Rao


 * Dr James Manteleone


 * Dr Robert Kirschner: "The vaginal opening, according to Dr. Robert Kirschner of the University of Chicago's pathology department, was twice the normal size for six-year-olds. "The genital injuries indicate penetration," he says, "but probably not by a penis, and are evidence of molestation that night as well as previous molestation." "If she had been taken to a hospital emergency room, and doctors had seen the genital evidence, her father would have been arrested"


 * Dr David Jones


 * Dr Richard Krugman: Dr Krugman strongly believed that JonBenet Ramsey was a victim of child abuse. He acknowledged the prior injury to JonBenet Ramsey's genitals, though he suggested the motive for that abuse was anger over toileting problems, rather than a sexual motive. Dr Krugman told police "the JonBenet case is a textbook example of toileting abuse rage". Krugman's theory formed the basis of Detective Steve Thomas's so-called "bedwetting theory".

Since he believed the motive was "toileting abuse", Dr Krugman refrained from using the phrase "sexual abuse". He stated, for instance, "the injuries were not consistent with sexual assault, but with a child who was being physically abused". On another occasion Krugman said, "children who have some physical findings around the genital area, may have been physically abused or may have been sexually abused. And I saw nothing to let me know with certainty that sexual abuse was here".

Dr Krugman co-authored an article in 2001 which he stated:

"With the death of JonBenet Ramsey, America was forced to think about child abuse in a new way. We saw the death of a child in an affluent neighborhood, with wealthy and powerful parents, reinforcing what Dr. C. Henry Kempe of the Kempe Children's Center taught us decades ago: No family, rich or poor, is immune from this problem."


 * Holly Smith, head of the Boulder County Sex Abuse team: "There is this dynamic of children that have been sexually abused sometimes soiling themselves or urinating in their beds to keep someone who is hurting them at bay," explains Smith....While Smith points out there could be innocent explanations, this was the kind of information that raised questions. Hoping to zero in on a possibility, Smith said that by the third day of the investigation, she'd found fecal staining on every pair of JonBenet's panties.


 * Dr Cyril Wecht


 * Police Chief Mark Beckner stated "there was evidence that would indicate prior sexual abuse."

The Ramseys' Public Statements about Sexual Assault
John and Patsy Ramsey have never publicly acknowledged the fact that Jonbenet Ramsey was vaginally assaulted on the night of her death, instead referring to it as "inconclusive". They have also dismissed the evidence of prior sexual abuse and have never called for police to investigate that lead. In fact, in 1998, in spite of the unanimous conclusions of at least six national experts, the Ramseys told police that if they wanted the Ramseys to hand over their clothing from the night of the killing, it would be necessary "for the police department to state publicly that there had been no evidence of prior vaginal abuse of JonBenet".

1997 press conference.


 * John Ramsey: There have also been innuendos that she has been or was sexually molested. I can tell you that those were the most hurtful innuendos to us as a family, they are totally false.

2000 Woodward Interview :


 * Paula Woodward: What is your understanding as far as a possible sexual assault?


 * [John Ramsey does not respond]


 * Patsy Ramsey: [Looking at John] I-- I think that's inconclusive. I've been told that there was no penetration and that what was previously thought to be semen is not.

Larry King Live interview, March 27, 2000:


 * Larry King: If it was a pedophile, was your daughter sexually abused?


 * Patsy Ramsey: [Looking at John] I don't believe there is conclusive evidence of that.


 * John Ramsey: We don't know.


 * Larry King: Have you talked to them about -- do they send you the autopsy reports?


 * John Ramsey: No, no. [In fact, the DA's office had provided the Ramseys' legal team with copies of the autopsy report].

The Ramseys also disputed the evidence of sexual assault in their book The Death of Innocence.

They refer to Dr Beuf's statements, though neglect to point out that Dr Beuf never conducted a speculum exam and therefore never examined the hymen (the location of the evidence for prior sexual abuse).

John Ramsey continues to state the killer was primarily motivated by revenge and anger at John Ramsey. Though John and Burke also refer to the intruder as a "pedophile".

When asked on Dr Phil in 2016 if he had ever witnessed anyone touch his sister inappropriately, or had ever touched her inappropriately, Burke Ramsey replied "absolutely not".

The Bubble-Bath Defense
One frequently-repeated error in media reports is that the vaginal injuries could equally be attributed to "bubble bath" as to sexual abuse.

The confusion appears to stem from the publication of JonBenet's medical records from Dr Beuf, her pediatrician, which contain mention of a case of vaginal irritation and redness in 1994, two years prior to the crime, which may have been caused by bubble bath.

The slight rash observed by Dr Beuf in 1994 is entirely different to the severe hymen injuries observed in 1996 by Dr McCann, Dr Jones, Dr Monteleone, Dr Wright, Dr Kirschner, Dr Rao, and Dr Krugman. None of the doctors consulted in this case made a determination of prior sexual abuse on the basis of that rash, or anything else in the records released by Dr Beuf. The determination of prior sexual abuse came from the physical findings of the autopsy and the postmortem photographs.

Investigation of the Ramseys regarding Sexual Abuse
Police claimed that they "looked ... thoroughly into the issue of sexual abuse and molestation on the parts of all the family members. In the case of John Ramsey they basically said there is nothing there. With Patsy Ramsey they wanted her pediatric records to see if there was anything of the sort in her background."

Patsy Ramsey
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Patsy Ramsey was informed of the indications of prior abuse in her 1998 interview:

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John Ramsey
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Burke Ramsey
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