DNA

(Note: Public knowledge of the DNA testing is incomplete. Not all DNA testing documents have been released.)



Trace amounts of DNA were recovered from various items at the scene. The DNA overwhelmingly belonged to JonBenet Ramsey herself, however some mixed profiles contained unidentified components. Some argue that one or more of these identified profiles belongs to an intruder or intruders who were in the home on the night of JonBenet's death. This theory has been contested by Boulder Police and independent scientists consulted by the Boulder Daily Camera, however it has been supported by the Ramseys' lawyers and some investigators from the District Attorney's office.

Summary
Text

Limitations of DNA Analysis
Impossible to determine biological origin of touch DNA.

Impossible to determine when a piece of DNA was deposited.

Lacy and Ramseys Lin Wood: "DNA found on JonBenét’s underwear was from saliva, while the DNA found on her pajama bottoms was touch DNA". This is a simplification. Also, it cannot be proven that the DNA from the long johns was not also from saliva.

Kolar

“Cloth to cloth” transfer could be responsible for [the transfer of genetic material from her underwear to the leggings.] (p. 427).

1997
January 15, 1997 - PCR Testing. (DNA Typing—DQα (DQA1)/ Polymarker)

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 * Bloodstains from shirt (Marked 5A) and white blanket (16A) consistent with JonBenet.


 * Bloodstains from panties (Marked 7) mixed profile, major component JonBenet. Unidentified minor component (results at only 1 locus).


 * Right Fingernails (14L) mixed profile, major component JonBenet. Unidentified minor component (results at only 2 loci).


 * Left fingernails (14M) mixed profile, major component JonBenet. Unidentified minor component (4 loci)


 * Bloodstain from shirt (5B) matched JonBenet.


 * Swab with saliva (14I) matched JonBenet.


 * Samples from tape (15A and 15B) matched JonBenet.


 * Bloodstains from nightgown (17A and 17C) matched JonBenet.


 * Semen stains from black blanket (23A, 23B) - DNA profiles could not be developed.

1999 Testing
January 5, 1999 - Photographs were taken of the underwear and the cutting taken from the crotch area of the underwear.

May 17, 1999 - PCR Testing.


 * Cuttings from panties (Marked 7-3 to 7-6) - 7-4 matched JonBenet Ramsey. No other interpretable profiles.


 * Cuttings from long johns (Marked 6-B1, 6-B2 and 6C) - No interpretable profiles.

2002
December 10, 2002 - Andy Horita first contacts CBI about what would be needed to submit a profile to CODIS. He is informed that Boulder Police submitted a profile (via the Denver Crime Lab) "quite a while ago" to the CBI for comparison within Colorado (though not with the entire national database).

2008
June 26, 2008 - http://jonbenetramsey.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/130877820/20080626-CBIrpt.pdf


 * Fingernails (14L and 14M) - could not be analyzed due to insufficient sample remaining.

(Miscellaneous items from suspects were also tested)

2009
January 13, 2009 - http://jonbenetramsey.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/130877823/20090113-CBIrpt.pdf


 * Neck ligature (Item 8) mixed profile, major component JonBenet. Unidentified minor component ("unidentified male 1" was excluded).


 * Wrist ligature (Item 166) mixed profile, JonBenet was consistent. Unidentified minor component ("unidentified male 1" was excluded).

(Miscellaneous items from suspects were also tested)

The underwear DNA
Timeline of DNA Testing of the underwear

1997 — DNA collected from a blood spot on JonBenet Ramsey’s underwear described as contaminated.

1999 — FBI releases new technology called Short Tandem Repeat to profile DNA. It uses 13 markers to raise the probability that a randomly selected individual would match it is one in 1 quintillion.

2001 — The new testing is allowed after a legal battle in Colorado’s courts, and JonBenet’s underwear is analyzed again resulting in between one and two markers out of 13 being defined.

2003 — Second blood spot on JonBenet’s underwear tested resulting in between nine and 10 markers on the spot to be defined. That genetic fingerprint meets the threshold to be placed into a national database, Combined DNA Indexing System or CODIS, which holds DNA profiles of those convicted in most states of certain crimes. No match has been made.

2008 - Bode Laboratories testing